KIU Publications

The interrelationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is largely mediated by dysfunctions in the adipose tissue and pancreas, which are central to regulating metabolism. This dysfunction results in insulin resistance, altered glucose metabolism, and chronic inflammation, driving the pathogenesis of both conditions. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of smart nanocarriers that can specifically target the adipose–pancreatic axis, the interconnected network of signaling between adipose tissue and the pancreas, crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. These nanocarriers are designed to enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, modulate adipose tissue function, and improve pancreatic β-cell activity, thereby addressing the root causes of obesity-related diabetes. This review highlights the role of smart nanocarriers in modulating the adipose–pancreatic axis by delivering anti-inflammatory agents, insulin-sensitizing drugs, and metabolic modulators directly to the affected tissues. Additionally, we examine their potential in restoring insulin sensitivity, reducing adiposity, and improving pancreatic function. The review also discusses the clinical prospects, challenges, and regulatory issues surrounding the use of smart nanocarriers for obesity and diabetes treatment. Ultimately, these smart nanocarriers offer a promising platform for developing more effective, targeted therapies to combat obesity-driven diabetes.