Legal accountability in financial markets: advancing SDG 16 through strong institutions and the rule of law
Lawfulness is one of the fundamentals in facilitating transparency, trustworthiness, and stability of financial markets. The latest research conducted emphasizes the overlapping connection between market integrity, sustainability, and governance (Radzi et al., 2025; Johannsdottir et al., 2025). This paper investigates the essence of law systems and institutional strength in the establishment of corporate accountability across the global financial systems, also addressing Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG) and the associated objectives. Based on the case studies in the developed and emerging economies, the researchers will discuss the role of regulatory enforcement, corporate governance standards, and the anti-corruption systems in developing market integrity and ensuring the sustainable development of the economy. The paper presents that strong legal infrastructures not only discourage misconduct and systemic risk but also lead to increased investor confidence and inclusive improvement. In light of recent reforms and enduring challenges, this study suggests policy recommendations that can help reinforce legal accountability frameworks in a bid to facilitate the achievement of SDG 16 and resilient, just, and accountable financial systems around the globe.