This comprehensive review explores the intricate dynamics of eosinophils in the context of pregnancy among women
living with HIV, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of their immunoregulatory roles and potential
implications for maternal-fetal health. Eosinophils, traditionally associated with allergic responses, emerge as crucial
players in maintaining immune homeostasis during pregnancy. The review delves into the physiological changes of
eosinophils in pregnancy, highlighting their immunomodulatory functions.In the context of HIV infection, the review
examines alterations in eosinophil counts and functions, emphasizing the impact of antiretroviral therapy on these
dynamics. Placental immunology and the presence of eosinophils within the placenta are explored, shedding light on
their potential role in preventing infections and influencing vertical transmission of HIV.Clinical implications for both
maternal and fetal health are discussed, addressing potential associations between eosinophil dysfunction and adverse
pregnancy outcomes. The review concludes by identifying research gaps and proposing future directions to unravel
the complexities of eosinophil dynamics in pregnant women living with HIV. Overall, this review aims to contribute
valuable insights that may inform clinical practices and interventions tailored to optimize outcomes in this unique
population.
Keywords: Eosinophils, Pregnancy, HIV, Immunoregulation, Maternal-Fetal Health, Inflammation, Immune
Response, Cytokines, Antiretroviral Therapy, Placental Immunology.