Anemia remains a prevalent complication in individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), exerting a significant impact on disease progression and patient prognosis. Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), an established measure reflecting platelet heterogeneity, has garnered attention as a potential prognostic marker for evaluating anemia severity in this patient population. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the utility of PDW in prognosticating anemia severity in HIV patients, aiming to explore its clinical relevance, associations, and implications for disease management. The prevalence of anemia in HIV patients is discussed, emphasizing its multifactorial etiology and adverse effects on the overall health and prognosis of affected individuals. The introduction outlines the necessity for reliable prognostic indicators to assess anemia severity in the context of HIV and sets the stage for evaluating PDW as a potential solution. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of PDW as a valuable prognostic marker for evaluating anemia severity in HIV patients, underscoring its potential impact on disease management and the need for continued research to validate and incorporate PDW measurements in routine clinical practice.