Abstract

Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's
last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality
globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under
5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide,
influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An
investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at
HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers
delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was
selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured
questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using
SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth.
Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of
membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension
during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant
gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing
healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial
steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further
research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to
preterm birth