Abstract

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries, accounting
for a significant portion of annual infant deaths. This study investigated the determinants
influencing the occurrence of neonatal sepsis among infants at Hoima Regional Referral
Hospital in Western Uganda. The study revealed an overall neonatal sepsis prevalence of
12.5%, with 65% and 35% of cases classified as early-onset and late-onset sepsis,
respectively. Factors significantly associated with neonatal sepsis included neonatal age,
maternal history of fever, dysuria, and maternal/caretaker hygiene. The study emphasizes
the importance of caretaker/mother's age, maternal fever history, dysuria, and hygiene in
contributing to neonatal sepsis. Prevention strategies should prioritize addressing these
risk factors rather than solely focusing on post-occurrence treatment. Proactive measures
are advocated to mitigate the incidence of neonatal sepsis.
Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, Immunization, Childhood mortality, Maternal/caretaker’s
hygiene, maternal history of fever.