Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the patterns and consequences of Cesarean sections (Csections)
performed at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Conducted retrospectively, the study
focused on pregnant women who underwent C-sections instead of vaginal delivery between
January 1st and June 30th, 2019. The investigation excluded cases of normal vaginal
deliveries and used a systematic random sampling method to select 288 participants for
review. Data from patient files was collected, assessed using a checklist, and analyzed using
Stata version 14. Results were presented using frequency tables, percentages, pie charts, and
bar graphs. The study found a C-section prevalence of 30%, surpassing the WHOrecommended
15% rate for developing nations. The primary reasons for C-sections were
cephalopelvic disproportion, repeat C-section, fetal distress, and breech presentation.
Overall, 72.22% of cases had positive outcomes. Poor outcomes were predominantly fetal,
including low Apgar scores (<7), low birth weight, neonatal death, NICU admission, and
asphyxia, accounting for over 90% of negative outcomes. Maternal outcomes were mostly
positive, with poor results including maternal sepsis, maternal death, postpartum
hemorrhage, and burst abdomen. In summary, the study highlighted a high rate of C-sections
and identified specific indications for the procedure. Poor fetal outcomes were often
associated with low birth weight, while poor maternal outcomes were primarily linked to
postpartum hemorrhage and maternal sepsis.
Keywords: C-section, Vaginal delivery, Perinatal, Fetal distress, Breech presentation