Abstract

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) presents a complex challenge globally due to its significant morbidity and mortality. Recent
advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment modalities have revolutionized the management of this hereditary
hemoglobin disorder. This paper aims to synthesize current breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle
cell anemia. Diagnostic techniques including genetic testing, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and advanced imaging
methodologies are explored, providing insights into their accuracy and clinical applicability. Moreover, novel
therapeutic approaches such as gene editing, fetal hemoglobin induction, and targeted therapies are discussed for
their potential in ameliorating SCA-related complications and improving patient outcomes. The paper also assesses
the challenges and future prospects in the field, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that encompass
early detection, personalized interventions, and ongoing research efforts. Understanding these recent strides in both
diagnostics and therapeutics is pivotal in enhancing the care and prognosis of individuals afflicted with sickle cell
anemia.
Keywords: sickle cell anaemia, anaemia, treatment, diagnosis