Abstract

Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) stands as a multifaceted hematologic disorder characterized by accelerated
destruction of red blood cells due to immune system dysregulation. This paper aims to elucidate the nuanced
landscape of IHA, focusing on its diverse diagnostic approaches and evolving treatment strategies. Diagnostic
considerations encompass a range of laboratory tests, including direct and indirect Coombs tests, hemolysis
markers, and autoimmune antibody panels, elucidating their roles in confirming IHA etiology and subtype
classification. Additionally, advancements in imaging modalities aid in identifying underlying causative factors
contributing to hemolysis. The paper further scrutinizes therapeutic interventions, spanning corticosteroids,
immunosuppressive agents, and monoclonal antibodies, while also appraising emerging modalities like
rituximab and splenectomy. Moreover, the role of supportive care and transfusion strategies in managing IHAassociated
complications is delineated. Challenges in IHA management, including refractory cases and adverse
effects of therapies, are deliberated alongside the potential of future advancements in precision medicine and
targeted therapies. By assimilating the latest diagnostic methodologies and treatment paradigms, this review
provides a comprehensive outlook on navigating the complexities of immune hemolytic anemia to optimize
patient care and outcomes.
Keywords: haemolytic anaemia, anaemia, immunity, diagnosis, treatment