Abstract

Inflammation, orchestrated by immune cells like neutrophils, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and
protecting against pathogens. However, during pregnancy, the delicate balance of immune responses is paramount
to support fetal development while safeguarding maternal health. Neutrophils, as pivotal contributors to the innate
immune system, significantly influence the inflammatory milieu, yet excessive or dysregulated neutrophil-derived
inflammation can impact pregnancy outcomes. This paper aims to dissect the multifaceted role of neutrophil-derived
inflammation in shaping pregnancy outcomes. It delves into the mechanisms by which neutrophils orchestrate
inflammatory responses during gestation and scrutinizes the implications of heightened inflammation on maternalfetal
health. Specifically, it explores the association between increased neutrophil-driven inflammation and adverse
outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal developmental
abnormalities. Examining the intricate balance between protective and detrimental roles of neutrophil-derived
inflammation, this review assesses alterations in neutrophil functions, activation pathways, and the release of
inflammatory mediators during normal and pathological pregnancies. Additionally, it evaluates potential regulatory
mechanisms governing neutrophil-derived inflammation and identifies putative biomarkers indicative of heightened
inflammatory responses linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The clinical implications of understanding the
impact of neutrophil-derived inflammation on pregnancy outcomes are highlighted, emphasizing its significance in
obstetric care, prenatal monitoring, and potential therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, this review delineates the critical need for future research avenues focusing on molecular investigations, therapeutic modulation of neutrophildriven
inflammation, and longitudinal studies to elucidate the long-term consequences on maternal and fetal wellbeing.
In conclusion, unraveling the intricate interplay between neutrophil-derived inflammation and pregnancy
outcomes is imperative. A deeper understanding of these interactions holds promise for informing clinical strategies,
improving prenatal care, and ultimately optimizing maternal and fetal health.
Keywords: Neutrophil, Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes.