Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the landscape of HIV treatment, substantially
reducing morbidity and mortality rates in affected individuals. However, while ART
effectively suppresses viral replication and restores immune function, its impact on red
blood cells (RBCs) and associated hematological parameters has drawn increasing attention
in clinical research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of
ART on RBCs among HIV patients, encompassing alterations in RBC indices, hemoglobin
levels, and potential clinical implications. A systematic review of literature and clinical
studies was conducted to analyze observed changes in RBC parameters in individuals
receiving ART. The clinical implications arising from ART-induced changes in RBCs,
particularly the occurrence of anemia and erythrocyte disorders, highlight the importance of
vigilant monitoring and tailored management strategies. Addressing these hematological
complications is pivotal for optimizing treatment outcomes and enhancing patient wellbeing.
In conclusion, while ART has significantly improved HIV management, its effects on
RBCs signify the need for tailored monitoring and interventions to manage hematological
complications effectively.
Keywords: Antiretroviral Therapy, Red Blood Cells, HIV