Abstract

Persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation represent pivotal facets of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, profoundly influencing disease progression and
complications. This abstract synthesizes current knowledge to unravel the intricate interplay
between persistent immune activation, chronic inflammation, and their consequential impact
on the development and exacerbation of anemia among individuals living with HIV. Persistent
immune activation and chronic inflammation are recognized hallmarks of HIV infection,
contributing significantly to disease pathogenesis and complications. This paper aims to
elucidate their intricate roles in perturbing erythropoiesis, leading to anemia, thus
highlighting the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications within the context
of HIV. Anemia, emerging as a consequence of persistent immune activation and chronic
inflammation in HIV, bears significant clinical implications. Its association with disease
progression, treatment responses, and prognostic implications underscores its criticality in
the comprehensive care of HIV-infected populations. Persistent immune activation and
chronic inflammation intricately contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia in HIV infection.
Understanding their multifaceted roles in disrupting erythropoiesis holds promise for
developing targeted interventions and refining management strategies to alleviate anemia
burden among individuals living with HIV.
Keywords: Immune Activation, Chronic Inflammation, Anemia, HIV