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Determination of the Prevalence of Different Brands of Fixed Dose Artemether/Lumefantrine Tablets Sold in Pharmacies in Uganda
Author: Buyinza Nicholas, Jonans Tusiimiire and Silvano Twinomujuni
Publisher: IAA Journal of Applied Sciences
Published: 2024
Section: School of Pharmacy
Abstract
Substandard, counterfeit and falsified antimalarial agents are a big challenge to effective malaria elimination
interventions mainly in developing countries. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the quality of
antimalarial agents inclusive of AL is affected by several factors including insufficient regulation porous borders and
limited funds. This study therefore focused evaluation of quality of different brands of fixed dose artemether/
lumefantrine tablets sold in Ugandan Pharmacies. This was an experimental study conducted using AL tablets
obtained from different pharmacies in the different cities of Uganda purchased using mystery shopper method. The
samples were screened for quality using visual inspection, assessed different physical quality parameters like weight
variation, friability, disintegration and dissolution and content assay tests were also done both for the brands from
the pharmacies and their correspondent LTR. The assay test was done using HPLC technique USP method. The
samples were considered substandard if the API content was outside 90-110% range of the label claim. Data was
analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as means with standard deviations and frequencies. 400 AL
samples were collected from the different Pharmacies in the different cities and the corresponding LTRs in the
strengths of 20/120, 60/360 and 80/480 with commonest brands Lumartem, Lumaren and Artefan. The presence
of A/L brands that are unregistered and the total assay failure of the brands of 18% for the AL tablets purchased
causes alarm.
Keywords: Artemether lumefantrine, quality, tablets, prevalence