Abstract

Malnutrition is a prevalent issue affecting children globally, particularly in developing countries like Uganda, where it
contributes significantly to under-five mortality rates. This retrospective record-based study conducted at Jinja Regional
Referral Hospital aimed to determine the treatment outcomes and associated factors for severely malnourished children
aged less than five years. Data from 317 children admitted between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, were
analyzed using statistical methods. Results showed a high case fatality rate (17.4%) among the study participants, with
children aged less than 24 months, not fully immunized, HIV-positive, and those presenting with shock at admission
being significantly more likely to die. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive management for severely
malnourished children, particularly those with HIV, shock, and inadequate immunization, to improve treatment outcomes.
Keywords: Malnutrition, HIV-positive, Immunization, Children, Hospitalization