Abstract

Water is a vital nutrient for livestock, constituting 60 to 70 percent of their body composition. It plays a crucial
role in maintaining body fluids, ion balance, digestion, nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and temperature
regulation. Additionally, water serves as a lubricant and cushion for joints, spinal cord, and tissues, ranking second
only to oxygen in essentiality for life. Despite its importance, water can also serve as a vehicle for transmitting
pathogenic organisms, posing a significant concern for livestock health. Access to safe water remains a challenge,
as the cost is prohibitive for many, leading to reliance on available water sources regardless of their quality. Given
the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in freshwater bodies, routine assessment is essential to prevent future
disease outbreaks among livestock populations.
Keywords: Livestock Management, Drinking Water Quality, Pathogenic Organisms, Freshwater Bodies, Disease
Outbreak