Abstract

Anemia remains a significant and multifaceted complication in pediatric severe malaria, particularly in the context of coexisting HIV infection. This review critically examines the impact of blood transfusion on anemia resolution in HIV-positive children with severe malaria. The interplay between these complex conditions poses unique challenges that warrant a comprehensive understanding to optimize clinical outcomes. Immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusion in the context of HIV infection are addressed, shedding light on the intricate relationship between transfusion, immune response, and viral load dynamics. This section provides insights into the potential long-term immunological consequences of blood transfusion in HIV-positive children recovering from severe malaria. Coagulation parameters and complications associated with transfusion, such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), are thoroughly examined. The review assesses the risk-benefit profile of blood transfusion, especially considering the coexistence of HIV and severe malaria.