Abstract

This paper explores the intricate immunological challenges encountered by infants living with Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV). The vulnerability of the developing immune system in early life, coupled with the unique characteristics of HIV,
presents a complex scenario that impacts the health and well-being of these infants. Key areas of focus include the disruption
of immune system development, viral persistence mechanisms, consequences of chronic immune activation, and the
increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The paper also discusses current therapeutic interventions, emphasizing
the significance of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and emerging strategies aimed at improving immunological
outcomes. Insights into the maternal-fetal interface and preventive measures are explored, providing a holistic perspective
on addressing the challenges faced by infants born with HIV. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to a deeper
understanding of the immunological landscape in this vulnerable population and guide future research and interventions for
enhanced patient care.