Abstract

Breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular subtypes, presents a complex challenge in the realm of oncology. The recognition of genetic heterogeneity within breast cancer has revolutionized our understanding of its etiology and progression. This review aims to elucidate the implications of genetic diversity in breast cancer for the development of effective treatment strategies. Advancements in genomic profiling have revealed distinct molecular subtypes, each characterized by unique genetic alterations and expression profiles. The heterogeneity observed in breast cancer extends beyond histological classifications, influencing clinical outcomes and responses to therapy. This review explores the underlying genetic drivers of breast cancer heterogeneity, including mutations in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as alterations in DNA repair pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of genetic heterogeneity in breast cancer and its far-reaching implications for treatment strategies. By understanding the molecular intricacies driving this heterogeneity, clinicians and researchers can advance towards personalized and more effective therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life for individuals affected by breast cancer.