Abstract

Anemia is a pervasive complication in individuals living with HIV/AIDS, significantly diminishing their well-being and overall health. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between anemia and HIV, emphasizing the pivotal role of erythropoietin (EPO) in managing this hematologic challenge. Chronic inflammation, opportunistic infections, and adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy contribute to the multifactorial nature of anemia in HIV. EPO, a key regulator of erythropoiesis, emerges as a promising therapeutic avenue. This review delves into the mechanisms underpinning anemia in HIV, elucidates the physiological regulation of EPO, and investigates the impact of HIV on endogenous EPO production. A critical analysis of clinical studies assessing exogenous EPO supplementation provides insights into optimal dosages, treatment duration, and potential challenges. Recognizing iron deficiency as a common contributor, the review explores strategies to address it concurrently with EPO supplementation. Future directions and challenges in erythropoietin therapy for HIV-associated anemia are discussed, underscoring the need for ongoing research to refine treatment approaches and improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, this review synthesizes current knowledge, positioning erythropoietin as a promising intervention for managing anemia in individuals living with HIV.