Abstract

This review addresses the complex landscape of managing blood transfusions for individuals with HIV, uncovering challenges and considerations that influence patient care. As HIV has evolved into a manageable chronic condition with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the coexistence of transfusion requirements introduces a nuanced dynamic. Key challenges explored in this review encompass transfusion-related immunomodulation, the risk of alloimmunization, disparities in access to safe blood products, maintaining optimal adherence to ART, potential transfusion-related complications, pediatric considerations, and the ethical and psychosocial dimensions inherent in the intersection of blood transfusion and HIV management. Transfusion-related immunomodulation stands as a significant challenge, requiring careful monitoring due to its potential impact on the immune response of individuals with HIV. Alloimmunization, particularly in the context of multiple transfusions or prolonged exposure, poses a risk that necessitates strategic measures to minimize its occurrence. Disparities in access to safe blood products, especially in resource-limited settings, underscore the importance of establishing robust blood supply systems and advocating for equitable healthcare access for individuals with HIV. Maintaining optimal adherence to ART, a cornerstone in managing HIV, becomes challenging in the presence of potential drug interactions and alterations in absorption related to blood transfusions. The risk of transfusion-related complications, including infections and reactions, accentuates the need for stringent screening and monitoring protocols to ensure the safety of blood products. Pediatric considerations add an additional layer of complexity, demanding tailored approaches that account for developmental factors and the unique needs of younger populations with HIV