Abstract

The dynamic interplay between CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations stands as a pivotal aspect of immune function, particularly in the context of HIV infection. The balance between CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets is fundamental for orchestrating an effective immune response. In the realm of HIV, where the virus specifically targets CD4 T cells, understanding the nuances of CD4/CD8 ratios becomes paramount. The CD4/CD8 ratios have long served as crucial prognostic indicators in the HIV landscape. The advent of antiretroviral therapy revolutionized the management of HIV by suppressing viral replication. A comprehensive examination of how ART impacts CD4/CD8 ratios, contributing to immune reconstitution and restoration of immune function, is discussed in this section. Immunosenescence, characterized by accelerated aging of the immune system, is a phenomenon observed in HIV. Elite controllers and long-term non-progressors represent unique subsets of individuals with HIV who exhibit remarkable control over viral replication without the need for immediate therapeutic intervention. While CD4/CD8 ratios provide valuable insights, their interpretation is not without challenges. The review underscores the pivotal role of CD4/CD8 ratios as key indicators of immune health in HIV. From prognostic markers to guides in therapeutic decision-making, CD4/CD8 ratios provide a window into the complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system.