Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge, necessitating continuous exploration of novel therapeutic avenues. Erythropoietin (EPO), traditionally recognized for its role in erythropoiesis, has emerged as a multifaceted cytokine with immunomodulatory properties. The activation of EPOR signaling in these cells has been linked to both anti-inflammatory and pro-survival effects, suggesting a potential dual role in the context of HIV infection. Moreover, evidence suggests that EPO may contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis by regulating cytokine production, immune cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The implications of EPO-EPOR signaling in HIV therapy are manifold. On one hand, the modulation of EPOR signaling presents an opportunity for developing adjunctive therapies to enhance immune function and mitigate HIV-induced immunosuppression. On the other hand, caution is warranted, as excessive EPO stimulation may lead to unintended consequences, such as viral replication and immune hyperactivation.