Abstract

This review delves into the intricate relationship between blood transfusion and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the context of HIV management, specifically focusing on their impact on viral load dynamics. Viral load, a critical marker of HIV replication, serves as a key parameter guiding treatment decisions and prognosis. As individuals living with HIV may necessitate blood transfusions for various reasons, understanding the interplay between transfusions and ART becomes paramount for healthcare providers. The immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusions and their influence on viral load dynamics are scrutinized, shedding light on both short-term immune activation and long-term immune recovery. The timing and frequency of blood transfusions are considered as factors influencing the trajectory of viral replication, requiring a balanced approach that aligns with the patient's baseline immune status and ART adherence. The interplay between blood transfusion and ART in pediatric populations is explored, recognizing the unique challenges and considerations in managing viral load dynamics in younger individuals living with HIV. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) emerges as a valuable tool in navigating the complexities of viral load dynamics in individuals receiving both blood transfusions and ART. Regular monitoring facilitates personalized adjustments to medication regimens, ensuring optimal therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of toxicity. The review concludes by advocating for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of blood transfusion on viral load dynamics, recognizing the need for patient-centered and evidence-based approaches.