Abstract

The ongoing battle against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between various components of the immune system. While the role of T lymphocytes has been extensively explored, recent research has illuminated the critical involvement of B lymphocytes and their dysfunction in the context of HIV/AIDS. This review delves into the implications of B lymphocyte dysfunction, dissecting its impact on humoral immunity, immunopathogenesis, vaccine development, and potential therapeutic interventions. In the realm of therapeutic interventions, this review evaluates current and potential strategies to rectify B lymphocyte dysfunction, ranging from immune modulatory therapies to targeted treatments aimed at restoring humoral immunity. The narrative concludes by outlining future perspectives, emphasizing the identification of biomarkers, advancements in vaccine design, and interdisciplinary collaboration as key areas of focus for further research.