Abstract

Increase in oxidative stress accelerates the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus (DM) by inducing inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction This research was aimed to determine the effect of glycaemic control and microvascular complications on oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, GPx, CAT and MDA) in patients with type 2 DM in Kano, Nigeria. Study comprised of 300 participants divided into four (4) groups: 1 Non diabetics as Controls; 2 patients with DM diagnose less than five years without complications; 3 patients with DM diagnose greater than five years without complications and 4 diabetic patients with complications. Group 4 was sub-categorised into diabetic Nephropathy, Retinopathy, Neuropathy and multiple microvascular complications. Mean FBG (mmol/L) concentration in controls group was lower (p< 0.05) than DM<5 years without complications, DM>5 years without complications and DM with complications however, Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy, multiple Complications, and those of diabetic without complications, shows no significant difference (p>0.05). FBG in patients with Good Glycaemic Control were lower than those with Inadequate Glycaemic Control and Poor Glycaemic Control (<0.05). Those with Poor Glycaemic Control, however, showed higher FBG concentration than patients with Inadequate Glycaemic Control (<0.05). Plasma SOD, GPx and CAT activities in the controls group was significantly higher, while MDA was lower, than in the DM<5 years without complications, DM>5 years without complications and DM with complications, however, The mean the Diabetic Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy and Multiple complications showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Plasma SOD, GPx and CAT activities in patients with Good Glycaemic Control was significantly higher while MDA was lower, than those in Inadequate Control and Poor Control groups (<0.05). DM and glycaemic poor glycaemic control caused lower antioxidants enzymes activities in the patients but showed insignificant difference between patients with microvascular complications and those without.
Keywords: DM, glycaemic control, microvascular complications, SOD, GPx, CAT, MDA