Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses a continual challenge to global health, affecting the immune system and rendering individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections. With the advancements in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), increasing attention is being directed towards holistic approaches, including nutritional interventions, to optimize immune health in people living with HIV. This review explores the intricate interplay between nutrition and immune health in the context of HIV. We examine the nutritional challenges faced by HIV patients, ranging from malabsorption to altered metabolism, and their implications for immune function. The review investigates the impact of micronutrients on immune parameters, evaluating the potential of supplementation to support immune health. Dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean and DASH diets, are scrutinized for their immunomodulatory effects in HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, the review delves into the role of probiotics in maintaining gut health and supporting immune function in the HIV population. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of nutrition in enhancing immune health for individuals living with HIV, offering valuable insights for healthcare providers, researchers, and those navigating the complexities of HIV management.
Keywords: HIV, Immune Health, Nutrition, Antiretroviral Therapy, Micronutrients, Probiotics, Dietary Supplements, Immunomodulation