Abstract

Blood transfusion is a crucial intervention in the management of severe malaria-associated anemia, aiming to improve tissue perfusion and support recovery. However, in pediatric patients with severe malaria and concurrent HIV infection, the impact of blood transfusion on respiratory function remains a significant concern. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) represents a severe complication of blood transfusion, characterized by acute respiratory distress and pulmonary edema. This comprehensive review examines the impact of blood transfusion on respiratory function in HIV-positive pediatric severe malaria cases, focusing on the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and preventive strategies for TRALI. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of blood transfusion on respiratory function in HIV-positive pediatric severe malaria cases, guiding clinical practice and future research efforts