Abstract

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a severe complication of blood transfusion characterized by acute respiratory distress and pulmonary edema. In pediatric patients with severe malaria and concurrent HIV infection, TRALI represents a significant clinical challenge, with potentially life-threatening consequences. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of TRALI in HIV-positive pediatric severe malaria cases. The paper explores the underlying mechanisms of TRALI development, the risk factors associated with pediatric patients, and the challenges in diagnosing and managing this condition. Additionally, we discuss strategies for preventing TRALI, optimizing transfusion practices, and improving patient outcomes. By synthesizing current evidence and clinical insights, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of TRALI in HIV-positive pediatric severe malaria cases, guiding clinical practice and future research efforts