Abstract

Severe malaria and HIV co-infection represent significant health challenges in pediatric populations, particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. Blood transfusion is often a life-saving intervention for managing severe anemia and other complications of severe malaria in children. However, the impact of transfusion on immune modulation in pediatric severe malaria survivors with HIV remains poorly understood. This review aims to comprehensively examine the existing literature on the transfusion-related impact on immune modulation in pediatric severe malaria survivors with HIV, focusing on the underlying mechanisms, clinical implications, and future research directions. By synthesizing current evidence and highlighting key findings, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between transfusion, immune function, and disease outcomes in this vulnerable population.