Abstract

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite remarkable progress in preventing MTCT through the implementation of comprehensive prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs, gaps still exist, and transmission rates remain unacceptably high in certain regions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of MTCT prevention, highlighting key strategies, challenges, and future directions for reducing HIV transmission from mother to child. We discuss the importance of early HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during pregnancy, options for infant prophylaxis, and the role of breastfeeding in MTCT. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with PMTCT program implementation, including access to care, retention in care, and stigma, and explore innovative approaches and emerging technologies for enhancing MTCT prevention efforts. By outlining a roadmap for reducing HIV transmission from mother to child, this review aims to guide policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders in strengthening PMTCT programs and achieving the goal of eliminating pediatric HIV infections