Abstract

Several studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of antimalaria drug resistance in Uganda and other malaria-endemic regions. We reviewed work often involve molecular analysis of parasite genes associated with resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs). Key factors that influence the prevalence of drug-resistant malaria parasites include: The widespread use of antimalarial drugs, particularly in areas with high malaria transmission rates, can exert selective pressure on parasite populations, favoring the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. Inadequate treatment practices, including improper drug dosing, incomplete treatment courses, and the use of substandard or counterfeit medications, can contribute to the development and spread of drug resistance. The genetic diversity and adaptive capacity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites play a significant role in the emergence and maintenance of drug resistance. Mutations in specific genes, such as those encoding drug targets or transporters, can confer resistance to antimalarial drugs. Population movements, including migration and travel, can facilitate the spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites between different regions and countries. The effectiveness of vector control measures, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying, in reducing malaria transmission rates can influence the prevalence of drug-resistant parasites by affecting the intensity of malaria transmission. The findings from this review can provide valuable insights into the current status of antimalarial drug resistance in Uganda and inform malaria control strategies, including drug treatment policies and the development of new antimalarial therapies.