Abstract

Urbanization and climate change pose significant challenges to cities worldwide, increasing heat
stress issues. Monrovia, Liberia, is currently undergoing rapid urban expansion, which
exacerbates the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Consequently, this raises the risk of heat
stress, including adverse health effects and higher energy demands. The objective of this study is
to present a comprehensive overview of Monrovia, with a specific focus on addressing/analyzing
its urban greening initiatives and evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating the challenges posed
by heat stress. A critical Evaluation was also conducted on the existing urban greening initiatives
in Monrovia and its effect on land usage. To achieve this, comprehensive analysis methods, such
as green infrastructure assessment and examination of satellite imagery, are employed. The data
utilized for this study is collected from a comprehensive network centered around a single station,
namely Roberts International Airport. This study aims to provide evidence-based insights into
the potential of urban greening as a sustainable strategy to mitigate heat stress in tropical urban
environments. Additionally, the research aims to offer recommendations for optimizing and
implementing urban greening initiatives to enhance Monrovia's resilience against rising
temperatures and urbanization