Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis, driven by the misuse and overuse of 
antibiotics, poor regulation, and widespread self-medication. With resistant infections projected to cause up to 10 
million deaths annually by 2050, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions. Medicinal plants, used for 
centuries in traditional medicine, offer promising alternatives and complementary therapies in combating resistant 
pathogens. This paper reviews the role of selected medicinal plants, including garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric 
(Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), and tea tree oil (Melaleuca 
alternifolia), highlighting their phytochemical properties, antimicrobial mechanisms, and evidence from clinical 
and laboratory studies. Key bioactive compounds such as allicin, curcumin, and gingerol demonstrate antibacterial, 
antifungal, antiviral, and synergistic effects when combined with conventional antibiotics. However, challenges 
remain in terms of dosage standardization, clinical validation, and regulatory oversight. Harnessing the 
therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, alongside proper stewardship of existing antibiotics, could form a 
sustainable and accessible strategy to slow the AMR crisis.