Abstract

Cancer remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, prompting the exploration of preventive 
strategies beyond conventional treatments. Cancer chemoprevention, which involves the use of natural or 
synthetic agents to impede, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis, has gained significant attention, particularly through 
the study of plant-derived compounds. Phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate 
(EGCG), quercetin, and sulforaphane have demonstrated diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant and 
anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of enzyme activity, regulation of signaling pathways, and induction of 
apoptosis. Epidemiological and preclinical studies highlight the contribution of fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, 
legumes, and nuts to reduced cancer risk, supported by the presence of bioactive compounds with chemopreventive 
potential. Clinical investigations, especially on curcumin, resveratrol, and EGCG, provide evidence of efficacy, 
although challenges such as poor bioavailability, lack of standardization, and regulatory hurdles persist. Advances 
in nanotechnology, extract standardization, and multidisciplinary collaborations offer promising strategies to 
overcome these barriers. Collectively, the integration of plant-derived compounds into preventive and therapeutic 
approaches underscores their potential in reducing cancer incidence and improving global health outcomes.