Abstract

Hypertension and heart disease are rapidly emerging as significant public health challenges in Uganda, contributing
to rising morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. With an estimated 26% of Ugandan adults affected by elevated
blood pressure, and many remaining undiagnosed or inadequately treated, the burden of cardiovascular disease
continues to escalate. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current landscape of hypertension
in Uganda, analyzing its epidemiology, associated risk factors, levels of awareness, treatment, and control. The
review identifies critical barriers, including limited healthcare infrastructure, lack of trained personnel, inadequate
access to essential medications, and insufficient public awareness. Additionally, systemic issues such as weak policy
implementation and a fragmented approach to non-communicable diseases hinder effective prevention and
management. The role of institutions like the Uganda Heart Institute in providing specialized care is acknowledged,
alongside recommendations for community-based screening, policy reform, healthcare training, and targeted
research. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial to improving cardiovascular health outcomes and
fostering sustainable national development.