Abstract

Pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) in Uganda face multifaceted challenges that span medical, psychosocial, 
structural, and cultural domains. Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother
to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs, barriers such as stigma, discrimination, disclosure fears, intimate partner 
violence, and limited healthcare infrastructure persist. This review explores the lived experiences of WLWH during 
pregnancy, emphasizing the interplay between socio-cultural dynamics and healthcare engagement. It identifies 
critical obstacles, including poor integration of services, inadequate counseling, and socio-economic hardships that 
undermine adherence and health outcomes. The coping strategies and support networks women employ highlight 
resilience but also the need for systemic improvements. Policy and programmatic recommendations stress enhancing 
confidentiality, respectful care, and counseling quality, especially for late antenatal care attendees. Integrating HIV, 
family planning, and maternal health services, addressing intimate partner violence through multisectoral 
approaches, and expanding psychosocial support are vital. Tailored adolescent-friendly interventions are also 
essential. A holistic, person-centered approach that addresses medical, social, and structural factors is imperative to 
improve maternal and child health outcomes among WLWH in Uganda.