Abstract

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a critical driver influencing the global epidemiology of malaria. 
Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and altered humidity levels have reshaped the geographical 
distribution, intensity, and seasonality of malaria transmission. This review synthesizes current evidence on the 
complex interplay between climate variability and malaria dynamics, emphasizing how warmer climates expand 
vector habitats, modify parasite development rates, and extend transmission seasons. Particular attention is given 
to regions at high altitude and those previously unsuitable for malaria, where climate change is creating new 
ecological niches for vectors. The paper also examines methodological approaches to studying climate–malaria 
linkages, highlights the uncertainties and challenges in predicting future disease patterns, and underscores the role 
of adaptive strategies in mitigating the health burden. Ultimately, the integration of climate science, 
epidemiological data, and public health interventions is essential to address the evolving threats posed by malaria 
in a warming world.