Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, with billions of people at risk and 
disproportionate impacts on children under five and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. While global 
interventions have reduced morbidity and mortality substantially over the past two decades, the persistence of 
transmission underscores the need for renewed elimination efforts. This paper examines lessons from past malaria 
elimination campaigns, focusing on vector control, chemoprevention, surveillance, and community engagement. 
Case studies from Sri Lanka, Morocco, and the Americas demonstrate that tailored strategies, integrated 
interventions, and strong political commitment are critical to success. These findings emphasize that elimination 
requires sustained investment, robust health systems, and local ownership. The lessons derived from historical and 
contemporary experiences provide a framework for guiding current and future efforts to achieve malaria 
elimination globally.