Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance and progressive β
cell dysfunction, is on the rise globally and is often accompanied by chronic complications. Recent 
scientific interest has shifted toward the gut microbiota's role in the development and management of 
T2DM. Dysbiosis an imbalance in gut microbial communities has been strongly linked to impaired gut 
barrier function, systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunctions that exacerbate hyperglycemia. 
Medicinal plants, especially those used in traditional systems like Chinese herbal medicine, present a 
promising avenue for restoring gut homeostasis and modulating metabolic pathways. This paper explores 
the potential of bioactive components in medicinal plants, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and 
saponins, to regulate gut microbiota and support glycemic control. Focusing on Astragalus membranaceus 
and other synergistic herbs, we analyze the mechanisms by which these natural compounds enhance 
intestinal integrity, reduce inflammation, and stimulate beneficial microbial growth. Understanding the 
gut–diabetes axis and identifying efficacious plant-based interventions may revolutionize integrative and 
preventive approaches to diabetes care.