Abstract

The circadian rhythm governs essential physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, insulin 
secretion, and energy homeostasis. Emerging research reveals that disruptions in circadian rhythms, whether 
due to shift work, sleep disturbances, or irregular eating patterns, contribute to impaired glycemic control and 
heightened risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chrononutrition, a field exploring the timing, frequency, 
and regularity of food intake—has gained recognition for its role in modulating glycemic responses. Aligning 
eating patterns with endogenous circadian clocks appears to enhance insulin sensitivity, optimize pancreatic β
cell function, and reduce postprandial glycemic excursions. This review discusses the molecular and 
physiological links between circadian biology and glucose regulation, highlights the implications of 
chrononutrition strategies in preventing and managing T2DM, and provides insights into therapeutic 
applications. Ultimately, integrating circadian biology into dietary recommendations represents a promising 
frontier for precision nutrition in metabolic health. 
Keywords: circadian rhythm, chrononutrition, glycemic regulation, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes