Abstract

Obesity-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and 
chronic low-grade inflammation. Adipokines bioactive peptides secreted by adipose tissue play a pivotal role in 
modulating glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Dysregulation of adipokines such as 
adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced T2D. 
Recently, natural products derived from plants, fungi, and marine sources have garnered attention for their 
potential to modulate adipokine expression and activity. These bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, 
flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, demonstrate promising therapeutic effects by restoring adipokine balance, 
improving insulin sensitivity, and mitigating metabolic inflammation. This review critically examines the 
current knowledge of adipokine biology in obesity-associated T2D and highlights the emerging role of natural 
products in targeting adipokine dysregulation as a novel therapeutic strategy. 
Keywords: Adipokines; Natural products; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Insulin resistance; Inflammation; 
Phytochemicals; Metabolic syndrome