Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitute two of the most pervasive and interconnected metabolic 
disorders worldwide. Characterized by insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid metabolism, these conditions 
contribute to cardiovascular disease, hepatic dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. As researchers intensify 
their search for natural, multi-targeted therapeutic agents, polyphenols have emerged as promising candidates. 
These plant-derived compounds, abundant in fruits, vegetables, teas, and spices, have demonstrated significant 
potential to simultaneously enhance insulin sensitivity and regulate lipid metabolism. This comprehensive 
review explores the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols influence key metabolic pathways, reviews 
preclinical and clinical findings, and discusses the therapeutic potential, limitations, and future prospects of 
polyphenol-based interventions in obese diabetic patients. 
Keywords: Polyphenols, Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Metabolism, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus