Abstract

Chronic pain is a prevalent and disabling consequence of war-related injuries, significantly impacting the physical, 
psychological, and social well-being of survivors. War injuries ranging from blast and shrapnel wounds to burns 
and crush injuries trigger complex pain mechanisms, including nociceptive, neuropathic, and centralized pain, 
often exacerbated by comorbid mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This narrative 
review synthesizes evidence on the epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, assessment approaches, and 
management strategies for chronic pain in war survivors. Effective management requires multidisciplinary 
approaches encompassing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, trauma-informed 
rehabilitation, and consideration of psychosocial determinants. Special attention is needed for vulnerable 
populations, including children, women, the elderly, displaced persons, and individuals with disabilities. Policy, 
health system infrastructure, and accessibility considerations further influence the successful delivery of care. 
Despite advances, research gaps remain in prevalence estimation, standardized assessment, treatment 
implementation, and integration of chronic pain management into post-conflict health systems. Strengthening 
evidence-based interventions is critical to improving recovery, functional outcomes, and quality of life for war
affected populations.