Abstract

Armed conflicts create complex health challenges that strain local health systems and require specialized 
competencies for health professionals operating in these environments. Effective humanitarian response depends 
on training healthcare providers in clinical, public health, ethical, and operational skills tailored to conflict 
settings. Core competencies include trauma care, acute resuscitation, mental health and psychological first aid, 
infection prevention, hazardous materials management, triage, and ethical decision-making guided by 
humanitarian principles. Training delivery employs simulation-based exercises, field rotations, interprofessional 
education, and low-resource adaptations to prepare health workers for austere, high-risk conditions. Additional 
considerations include safety, legal protections, occupational health, cultural competence, communication, and 
stakeholder engagement. Integrating such training into existing medical curricula and evaluating outcomes 
through structured frameworks is essential for improving preparedness and response. Addressing gaps in training 
implementation, resource mobilization, and context-specific adaptation remains a priority to ensure effective and 
safe health service delivery in war-affected regions.