Abstract

Breastfeeding promotion encompasses a range of coordinated policy measures, health interventions, and social 
initiatives aimed at increasing breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration. As a proven strategy to enhance 
child survival, improve maternal health, and advance gender equality, breastfeeding promotion has become a 
central public health priority worldwide. This narrative review examines the evolution of breastfeeding promotion 
policies, including legislative protections, health-system initiatives, international guidelines, and community-based 
programmes. It explores the mechanisms through which these policies shape breastfeeding behaviours, with 
particular attention to socio-economic, cultural, and structural determinants. Evidence from diverse settings 
demonstrates that comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches combining maternity protection, Baby-Friendly 
Hospital Initiatives (BFHI), health worker training, community support, and public awareness campaigns 
consistently improve breastfeeding outcomes. However, persistent challenges remain, including inadequate policy 
enforcement, aggressive breastmilk-substitute marketing, and gaps in workplace support. Strengthening 
breastfeeding promotion requires sustained political commitment, intersectoral collaboration, and culturally 
responsive strategies tailored to local needs.