Abstract

Cancer genomics has transformed cancer diagnosis, treatment, and precision medicine globally, yet East Africa 
remains underrepresented in these advancements. This review examines the current landscape of cancer genomics 
research and capacity in East African countries, highlighting critical gaps in laboratory infrastructure, trained 
personnel, data systems, ethical and regulatory frameworks, and sustainable financing. Key challenges include 
fragmented research efforts, reliance on short-term donor funding, limited integration of genomics into national 
cancer control strategies, and inequitable access to innovations. The review proposes strategic directions for 
building a robust and sustainable genomics ecosystem, including networked sequencing hubs, human capital 
development through targeted training and career pathways, standardized cancer registries, ethical governance, 
blended financing models, and regional collaboration through consortia and Centers of Excellence. Addressing risks 
such as brain drain, donor dependence, and data privacy is emphasized to ensure equity and long-term sustainability. 
Implementing these strategies can enable precision oncology, generate locally relevant data, and improve cancer 
outcomes across East Africa.