Abstract

 Phytochemicals have long served as bioactive agents against metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability 
hinder clinical efficacy. Nanotechnology offers an advanced solution, improving the pharmacokinetics, targeted 
delivery, and therapeutic impact of these compounds. This review synthesizes current progress in nanocarrier 
systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid 
carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsions, and metallic nanocomposites applied to anti-obesity and antidiabetic 
phytochemicals. Mechanistic insights are provided into how these systems enhance intestinal absorption, protect 
bioactive compounds from degradation, and improve metabolic targeting. Finally, the review addresses 
translational challenges, regulatory aspects, and future perspectives for clinical development of phytochemical
loaded nanocarriers in metabolic disease therapy.