Abstract

Obesity-associated diabetes (OAD), particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a complex metabolic disorder 
characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Early detection 
and personalized treatment strategies are crucial for effective management and prevention of complications. 
Theranostic nanoplatforms, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic functions, offer a promising 
approach for managing OAD by enabling early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and delivering 
targeted therapies. These platforms integrate imaging agents for real-time monitoring with therapeutic agents 
aimed at modulating metabolic pathways. This review explores the role of theranostic nanoplatforms in the 
management of obesity-associated diabetes, focusing on their design, mechanisms of action, and applications in 
diagnosis and treatment. Challenges related to biocompatibility, targeting specificity, and clinical translation 
are also discussed, alongside future perspectives for advancing these nanoplatforms in clinical practice.