Abstract

Diarrhea remains a major public health concern in rural Africa, disproportionately affecting children under five and 
vulnerable adult populations. While biomedical interventions such as oral rehydration therapy, zinc 
supplementation, vaccination, and improved sanitation have reduced morbidity and mortality globally, their uptake 
in rural communities is often limited by the pervasive influence of traditional beliefs. Cultural, spiritual, and social 
frameworks shape local perceptions of diarrhea, influencing caregivers’ treatment-seeking behaviors, including 
reliance on herbal remedies, spiritual rituals, and consultation with traditional healers. Some traditional practices, 
such as hygienic food handling and exclusive breastfeeding, align with biomedical recommendations, whereas others 
may delay effective treatment or pose health risks. This review explores the interplay between traditional beliefs 
and diarrhea management, emphasizing the roles of cultural interpretation, traditional healers, social and religious 
norms, and gender dynamics. Integrating culturally sensitive strategies with evidence-based healthcare, engaging 
local healers, and empowering women are crucial for improving diarrhea prevention, treatment adherence, and 
health outcomes in rural African populations.