Abstract

Typhoid fever remains a significant public health concern in Uganda, affecting both rural and urban populations, 
particularly children and young adults. Despite advances in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions, 
outbreaks continue to occur, placing a heavy burden on the healthcare system and the national economy. This review 
evaluates the economic impact of typhoid vaccination strategies in Uganda, focusing on cost-effectiveness compared 
to traditional treatment approaches. It synthesizes existing data on the direct and indirect costs associated with 
typhoid fever, such as medical expenses, productivity losses, and long-term disability, while analyzing the financial 
benefits of introducing and scaling up mass vaccination campaigns using Typbar-TCV and related vaccines. The 
findings suggest that vaccination programs, though initially costly, yield substantial economic and health benefits 
over time through reduced disease incidence, improved productivity, and lowered healthcare expenditures. The 
review concludes that integrating typhoid vaccination into national immunization programs represents a cost
effective and sustainable strategy to enhance public health outcomes and economic resilience in Uganda.